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2026,44(1):1-13
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2026.01.001
Abstract:
Water economy, as an emerging economic form in the new era that underpins high-quality development and the construction of ecological civilization, faces effectiveness challenges in achieving system-wide coordination, notably between security and development and between government and market. These constraints have thus far limited its capacity to fully mobilize effective investment and to respond to the strategic imperative of expanding domestic demand. Drawing on the historical evolution of water development and utilization, water conservation and intensive use, and the realization of water-related value, this study develops an effectiveness-oriented conceptualization of a livelihood-oriented water economy for the new era, in which the “Two Mountains” theory serves as the value guide, waterbody space provides the spatial carrier, and new quality productive forces act as a key enabling driver. On the basis of a systematic review of relevant industrial classifications and current development conditions, effectiveness is defined as a dynamic capacity for maintaining balance across the coupled natural, social, and economic system. The study elucidates the theoretical foundations of high-quality development in water economy and effectiveness-coupling logic, and proposes a people-centeredphilosophy with holistic security and value creation as its two supporting wings, together with core propositions and policy recommendations for watereconomy development in the new era. By embedding effectiveness throughout the entire process of operationalizing the “Two Mountains” transformation within water economy in the new era, the theoretical system and research conclusions provide a theoretical foundation for advancing the high-quality development of China’s water economy.
Water economy, as an emerging economic form in the new era that underpins high-quality development and the construction of ecological civilization, faces effectiveness challenges in achieving system-wide coordination, notably between security and development and between government and market. These constraints have thus far limited its capacity to fully mobilize effective investment and to respond to the strategic imperative of expanding domestic demand. Drawing on the historical evolution of water development and utilization, water conservation and intensive use, and the realization of water-related value, this study develops an effectiveness-oriented conceptualization of a livelihood-oriented water economy for the new era, in which the “Two Mountains” theory serves as the value guide, waterbody space provides the spatial carrier, and new quality productive forces act as a key enabling driver. On the basis of a systematic review of relevant industrial classifications and current development conditions, effectiveness is defined as a dynamic capacity for maintaining balance across the coupled natural, social, and economic system. The study elucidates the theoretical foundations of high-quality development in water economy and effectiveness-coupling logic, and proposes a people-centeredphilosophy with holistic security and value creation as its two supporting wings, together with core propositions and policy recommendations for watereconomy development in the new era. By embedding effectiveness throughout the entire process of operationalizing the “Two Mountains” transformation within water economy in the new era, the theoretical system and research conclusions provide a theoretical foundation for advancing the high-quality development of China’s water economy.
2026,44(1):14-22
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2026.01.002
Abstract:
The civil river chiefs pepresent an important form of public participation in the management and protection of rivers and lakes with Chinese characteristics. They serve as an important supplement for the official river chiefs to carry out the work of the river and lake chief system, and play an active role in mobilizing public engagement in water governance and daily supervision of rivers and lakes. The rise of civil river chiefs stems from the people’s demand for river and lake governance and their aspiration for a better living environment. Under the guidance of public participation theory, multivariate synergistic governance theory, citizens’ participation ladder theory, and stakeholder theory, the civil river chief system has been continuously improved and the form of service has been continuously innovated. Obvious results have been achieved in promoting the official river chiefs’ performance of their duties, strengthening the management and protection of rivers and lakes, and improving the outlook of rivers and lakes. In accordance with the requirements of modernization of the ecological environment management system and governance capacity, the deficiencies of civil river chiefs in standardized management, proactive participation awareness, incentive mechanism etc. are analyzed. Improvements are needed in promoting institutional development, fostering public participation awareness, providing professional technical support, diversifying funding sources, and constructing performance evaluation metrics, aiming to promote the transformation of civil river chiefs from “known and real” to “capable and effective”, thereby jointly constructing and sharing happy rivers and lakes.
The civil river chiefs pepresent an important form of public participation in the management and protection of rivers and lakes with Chinese characteristics. They serve as an important supplement for the official river chiefs to carry out the work of the river and lake chief system, and play an active role in mobilizing public engagement in water governance and daily supervision of rivers and lakes. The rise of civil river chiefs stems from the people’s demand for river and lake governance and their aspiration for a better living environment. Under the guidance of public participation theory, multivariate synergistic governance theory, citizens’ participation ladder theory, and stakeholder theory, the civil river chief system has been continuously improved and the form of service has been continuously innovated. Obvious results have been achieved in promoting the official river chiefs’ performance of their duties, strengthening the management and protection of rivers and lakes, and improving the outlook of rivers and lakes. In accordance with the requirements of modernization of the ecological environment management system and governance capacity, the deficiencies of civil river chiefs in standardized management, proactive participation awareness, incentive mechanism etc. are analyzed. Improvements are needed in promoting institutional development, fostering public participation awareness, providing professional technical support, diversifying funding sources, and constructing performance evaluation metrics, aiming to promote the transformation of civil river chiefs from “known and real” to “capable and effective”, thereby jointly constructing and sharing happy rivers and lakes.
2026,44(1):23-32
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2026.01.003
Abstract:
Promoting the transformation of the river chief system from being “nominal” to being “substantial” and “effective” indicates that strengthening the execution force of the river chief system has been put on the agenda. The execution force of the river chief system should be defined as the execution force of the central and its relevant departments or organizations for the responsibilities of provincial river chiefs and national river basin management agencies, as well as the execution force of the responsibilities of the higher-level river chiefs for the same level of relevant departments and the lower level river chiefs, and the execution ability, strength, and effectiveness of the river chief system. The river chief system itself and its execution subject, target group, execution resources, and execution environment are the main influencing factors of its execution effectiveness. Leveraging the advantages of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, such as the leadership of the Party, the system of chief responsibility, the equal emphasis on rule of law and virtue, and the full process of people’s democracy,is the fundamental strategy to strengthen the execution force of the river chief system. Enhancing the execution ability and strength of the river chief system is the basic strategy to strengthen the execution effectiveness of the river chief system.
Promoting the transformation of the river chief system from being “nominal” to being “substantial” and “effective” indicates that strengthening the execution force of the river chief system has been put on the agenda. The execution force of the river chief system should be defined as the execution force of the central and its relevant departments or organizations for the responsibilities of provincial river chiefs and national river basin management agencies, as well as the execution force of the responsibilities of the higher-level river chiefs for the same level of relevant departments and the lower level river chiefs, and the execution ability, strength, and effectiveness of the river chief system. The river chief system itself and its execution subject, target group, execution resources, and execution environment are the main influencing factors of its execution effectiveness. Leveraging the advantages of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, such as the leadership of the Party, the system of chief responsibility, the equal emphasis on rule of law and virtue, and the full process of people’s democracy,is the fundamental strategy to strengthen the execution force of the river chief system. Enhancing the execution ability and strength of the river chief system is the basic strategy to strengthen the execution effectiveness of the river chief system.
2026,44(1):33-39, 111
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2026.01.004
Abstract:
As ecological civilization has been elevated to a national strategic goal,urban grassroots river governance faces the dual challenges of systemic transformation and capacity enhancement.This paper summarizes an innovative river governance model: “umbrella-style co-governance”, a collaborative mechanism combining government leadership with social participation.Through structural,procedural, and technological coordination, participants form a governance system characterized by collaboration and coordination, flattened information flow, and closed-loop problem resolution, thereby improving response speed, resource allocation efficiency, and public participation.The findings indicate that the “umbrella-style co-governance”can help construct a collaborative governance structure characterized by complementary functions and operational autonomy,significantly enhancing end-level river and lake governance efficiency and implementation capacity. Through institutionalized social embeddedness, “umbrella-style co-governance” model promotes sustained multi-actor participation and strengthens ecological, social, and institutional outcomes.
As ecological civilization has been elevated to a national strategic goal,urban grassroots river governance faces the dual challenges of systemic transformation and capacity enhancement.This paper summarizes an innovative river governance model: “umbrella-style co-governance”, a collaborative mechanism combining government leadership with social participation.Through structural,procedural, and technological coordination, participants form a governance system characterized by collaboration and coordination, flattened information flow, and closed-loop problem resolution, thereby improving response speed, resource allocation efficiency, and public participation.The findings indicate that the “umbrella-style co-governance”can help construct a collaborative governance structure characterized by complementary functions and operational autonomy,significantly enhancing end-level river and lake governance efficiency and implementation capacity. Through institutionalized social embeddedness, “umbrella-style co-governance” model promotes sustained multi-actor participation and strengthens ecological, social, and institutional outcomes.
2026,44(1):40-49
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2026.01.005
Abstract:
The river chief system, as an institutional innovation in China’s river and lake governance practices, still face the practical challenge of implementation failures during its operation.Based on an analysis of the manifestations of implementation failures at the grassroots level, this paper employs Smith’s policy implementation process model to construct a flexible implementation logic analytical framework encompassing four dimensions:policy texts, implementing agencies, target groups, and task environments, aiming to explore the underlying causes of implementation failures in the grassroots river chief system.Findings indicate that implementation failures at the grassroots level result from the combined effects of highly ambiguous and conflict-ridden policy texts, implementing agencies with limited authority and resources, target groups exhibiting low awareness and weak collaborative efforts, and an operational environment characterized by intense tasks and high pressure.Remedial measures should focus on standardizing enforcement practices, strengthening organizational foundations, mobilizing social forces, and alleviating implementation burdens, thereby ensuring the effective operation of the river chief system and enhancing its policy efficacy.
The river chief system, as an institutional innovation in China’s river and lake governance practices, still face the practical challenge of implementation failures during its operation.Based on an analysis of the manifestations of implementation failures at the grassroots level, this paper employs Smith’s policy implementation process model to construct a flexible implementation logic analytical framework encompassing four dimensions:policy texts, implementing agencies, target groups, and task environments, aiming to explore the underlying causes of implementation failures in the grassroots river chief system.Findings indicate that implementation failures at the grassroots level result from the combined effects of highly ambiguous and conflict-ridden policy texts, implementing agencies with limited authority and resources, target groups exhibiting low awareness and weak collaborative efforts, and an operational environment characterized by intense tasks and high pressure.Remedial measures should focus on standardizing enforcement practices, strengthening organizational foundations, mobilizing social forces, and alleviating implementation burdens, thereby ensuring the effective operation of the river chief system and enhancing its policy efficacy.
2026,44(1):50-57
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2026.01.006
Abstract:
New quality productive forces in water conservancy, as an important part of new quality productive forces, are important engines to promote the high-quality development of water conservancy, which can enhance the efficiency of water resources utilization and guarantee national water security. Based on panel data from 31 provincial-level administrative regions in China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan) from 2012 to 2022, this paper constructs an evaluation index system for new quality productive forces in water conservancy. Additionally, it constructs a spatial correlation network using modified gravitational model, social network analysis, and quadratic assignment procedure, and explores its driving factors. The results show that the overall new quality productive forces in water conservancy in China show a significant upward trend, with the spatial pattern of“the strongest in the eastern region, the second in the center region, and relatively weaker in the western and northeastern regions”and“the stronger in the southern region and the weaker in the northern region”. The correlation of the spatial correlation network has gone through the dynamic evolution process of“enhancement-stabilization-weakening-recovery”. No provincial-level region is in isolation, and the difference distribution of nodes reflects the spatial preference of the flow of water resources. The economic development, scientific and technological development, human capital, environmental regulation and financial support have different effects on the spatial network of new quality productive forces in water conservancy. Therefore, it is necessary to further strengthen regional coordination and cooperation, optimize scientific and technological investment and innovation, improve policy support and develop the new quality productive forces in water conservancy according to local conditions.
New quality productive forces in water conservancy, as an important part of new quality productive forces, are important engines to promote the high-quality development of water conservancy, which can enhance the efficiency of water resources utilization and guarantee national water security. Based on panel data from 31 provincial-level administrative regions in China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan) from 2012 to 2022, this paper constructs an evaluation index system for new quality productive forces in water conservancy. Additionally, it constructs a spatial correlation network using modified gravitational model, social network analysis, and quadratic assignment procedure, and explores its driving factors. The results show that the overall new quality productive forces in water conservancy in China show a significant upward trend, with the spatial pattern of“the strongest in the eastern region, the second in the center region, and relatively weaker in the western and northeastern regions”and“the stronger in the southern region and the weaker in the northern region”. The correlation of the spatial correlation network has gone through the dynamic evolution process of“enhancement-stabilization-weakening-recovery”. No provincial-level region is in isolation, and the difference distribution of nodes reflects the spatial preference of the flow of water resources. The economic development, scientific and technological development, human capital, environmental regulation and financial support have different effects on the spatial network of new quality productive forces in water conservancy. Therefore, it is necessary to further strengthen regional coordination and cooperation, optimize scientific and technological investment and innovation, improve policy support and develop the new quality productive forces in water conservancy according to local conditions.
2026,44(1):58-67, 76
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2026.01.007
Abstract:
New quality productive forces in water conservancy are the core driving forces for the transformation and upgrading of the water conservancy industry and the modernization of agriculture. Based on the connotation and composition of new quality productive forces in water conservancy, this paper constructs a theoretical analytical framework for the impact of agricultural water rights trading policy on new quality productive forces in water conservancy. Using the provincial panel data in China from 2010 to 2023, this paper measures the new quality productive forces in water conservancy in each province, and uses the multi-period difference-in-differences (DID) model to analyze the impact of agricultural water rights trading policy on the new quality productive forces in water conservancy. The results show that agricultural water rights trading can significantly improve regional new quality productive forces in water conservancy. The policy effects are more pronounced in regions with significant geographical location advantages, a high level of agricultural development, and those listed as a national pilot for water rights trading. Agricultural water rights trading promotes the formation and upgrading of the “new” objects of labor, the “new” means of labor, and the “new” laborers through three pathways: property rights incentive and market synergy, water conservancy technology and equipment upgrading, and human capital deepening, thereby systematically advancing the development of new quality productive forces in water conservancy.
New quality productive forces in water conservancy are the core driving forces for the transformation and upgrading of the water conservancy industry and the modernization of agriculture. Based on the connotation and composition of new quality productive forces in water conservancy, this paper constructs a theoretical analytical framework for the impact of agricultural water rights trading policy on new quality productive forces in water conservancy. Using the provincial panel data in China from 2010 to 2023, this paper measures the new quality productive forces in water conservancy in each province, and uses the multi-period difference-in-differences (DID) model to analyze the impact of agricultural water rights trading policy on the new quality productive forces in water conservancy. The results show that agricultural water rights trading can significantly improve regional new quality productive forces in water conservancy. The policy effects are more pronounced in regions with significant geographical location advantages, a high level of agricultural development, and those listed as a national pilot for water rights trading. Agricultural water rights trading promotes the formation and upgrading of the “new” objects of labor, the “new” means of labor, and the “new” laborers through three pathways: property rights incentive and market synergy, water conservancy technology and equipment upgrading, and human capital deepening, thereby systematically advancing the development of new quality productive forces in water conservancy.
2026,44(1):68-76
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2026.01.008
Abstract:
Based on the requirements of the Regulations on Ecological Protection Compensation and the current practice of the trans-basin horizontal ecological protection compensation system, the existing basin management model based on administrative divisions falts short of the needs of the holistic protection of ecosystems. Against this backdrop, the contractual governance model has gradually emerged as an alternative approach and a key implementation path. Contractual governance regards the construction of a self-enforcing mechanism for contracts as a tool to achieve specific policy objectives or conduct public utility management. Given the extensive practical needs, the establishment of the trans-basin horizontal ecological protection compensation system is constrained by such limitations as insufficient public participation, unclear definition, and limited scope of compensation subjects, inappropriate compensation standards, and a single compensation method, which restrict the effective functioning and efficient operation of the system. Therefore, the improvement of the trans-basin horizontal ecological protection compensation system should focus on incorporating the content of ecological compensation agreements into the scope of proactive disclosure in advance, ensuring the full participation of the public in the drafting and implementation stages of the agreements, appropriately incorporating basin stakeholders such as enterprises and residents into the compensation subjects, scientifically setting compensation standards, and exploring diversified compensation methods, thereby realizing the sustainable development in the trans-basin horizontal ecological protection compensation efforts.
Based on the requirements of the Regulations on Ecological Protection Compensation and the current practice of the trans-basin horizontal ecological protection compensation system, the existing basin management model based on administrative divisions falts short of the needs of the holistic protection of ecosystems. Against this backdrop, the contractual governance model has gradually emerged as an alternative approach and a key implementation path. Contractual governance regards the construction of a self-enforcing mechanism for contracts as a tool to achieve specific policy objectives or conduct public utility management. Given the extensive practical needs, the establishment of the trans-basin horizontal ecological protection compensation system is constrained by such limitations as insufficient public participation, unclear definition, and limited scope of compensation subjects, inappropriate compensation standards, and a single compensation method, which restrict the effective functioning and efficient operation of the system. Therefore, the improvement of the trans-basin horizontal ecological protection compensation system should focus on incorporating the content of ecological compensation agreements into the scope of proactive disclosure in advance, ensuring the full participation of the public in the drafting and implementation stages of the agreements, appropriately incorporating basin stakeholders such as enterprises and residents into the compensation subjects, scientifically setting compensation standards, and exploring diversified compensation methods, thereby realizing the sustainable development in the trans-basin horizontal ecological protection compensation efforts.
2026,44(1):77-87
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2026.01.009
Abstract:
To systematically explore the developmental trajectory and direction of China’s ecological compensation in river basins, trace its evolution, clarify research themes, core challenges, and emerging hotspots within this field, and deeply elucidate the intrinsic logic of embedding ecological compensation in river basins within water ecological conservation practices in the new era, this study employs a combined approach of inductive analysis and bibliometric methods. Based on 711 core journal articles in CNKI from 2002 to 2024, this paper uses the CiteSpace software to conduct visual network analysis on annual publication volumes, highly cited literature, author groups, and keyword distributions within this field. Findings indicate that research articles on ecological compensation in river basins exhibit a distribution pattern characterized by initial rapid growth followed by fluctuating decline. Overall, the field boasts a substantial number of researchers, yet frequent shifts in research focus occur due to factors such as interdisciplinary development and changing policy demands, resulting in relatively short sustained attention to individual themes. In terms of research hotspots, academia primarily focuses on core issues including the coordination and systematization of compensation mechanisms, the scientific standardization and differentiation of compensation criteria, and the marketization and diversification of compensation models.
To systematically explore the developmental trajectory and direction of China’s ecological compensation in river basins, trace its evolution, clarify research themes, core challenges, and emerging hotspots within this field, and deeply elucidate the intrinsic logic of embedding ecological compensation in river basins within water ecological conservation practices in the new era, this study employs a combined approach of inductive analysis and bibliometric methods. Based on 711 core journal articles in CNKI from 2002 to 2024, this paper uses the CiteSpace software to conduct visual network analysis on annual publication volumes, highly cited literature, author groups, and keyword distributions within this field. Findings indicate that research articles on ecological compensation in river basins exhibit a distribution pattern characterized by initial rapid growth followed by fluctuating decline. Overall, the field boasts a substantial number of researchers, yet frequent shifts in research focus occur due to factors such as interdisciplinary development and changing policy demands, resulting in relatively short sustained attention to individual themes. In terms of research hotspots, academia primarily focuses on core issues including the coordination and systematization of compensation mechanisms, the scientific standardization and differentiation of compensation criteria, and the marketization and diversification of compensation models.
Horizontal ecological compensation for strategic water resource reserve in the Miyun Reservoir Basin
2026,44(1):88-94
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2026.01.010
Abstract:
Beijing is an area with extremely scarce water resources, and the contradiction between water supply and demand is prominent. As an important surface drinking water source and strategic water resource reserve base in Beijing, it is of great significance to conduct a study on horizontal ecological compensation in the Miyun Reservoir Basin from the perspective of strategic water resource reserve in the basin. Using the synthetic storage capacity method and combining data such as the inflow volume from 2000 to 2020 and the South-to-North Water Diversion volume from 2017 to 2021, this paper calculates the water volume for strategic reserve emergency under different inflow volumes of the South-to-North Water Diversion and water supply guarantee rates. Based on the relevant values and costs of the generation, protection, and use of emergency water volume, this paper constructs a compensation index system and a corresponding model. Based on the data in 2020, this paper calculates the upper and lower limits of horizontal ecological compensation in the basin, and compares the results of willingness to pay with the spillover value of the basin. The research results show that the water volume for the strategic reserve emergency that the Miyun Reservoir should store annually should be no less than 1 billion m3. Based on the data in 2020, the lower limit of horizontal ecological compensation in the basin is calculated to be CNY 2.366 3 billion, and the upper limit is CNY 11.275 billion. Haidian District and Chaoyang District have the highest sharing ratios due to their large GDP scale and high water consumption, with the lower limits of compensation being CNY 683.9 million and CNY 565.5 million, respectively, and the upper limits being CNY 3.2585 billion and CNY 2.694 7 billion, respectively. The willingness to pay for ecological compensation in the beneficiary areas is still at a relatively low level, which should be improved.
Beijing is an area with extremely scarce water resources, and the contradiction between water supply and demand is prominent. As an important surface drinking water source and strategic water resource reserve base in Beijing, it is of great significance to conduct a study on horizontal ecological compensation in the Miyun Reservoir Basin from the perspective of strategic water resource reserve in the basin. Using the synthetic storage capacity method and combining data such as the inflow volume from 2000 to 2020 and the South-to-North Water Diversion volume from 2017 to 2021, this paper calculates the water volume for strategic reserve emergency under different inflow volumes of the South-to-North Water Diversion and water supply guarantee rates. Based on the relevant values and costs of the generation, protection, and use of emergency water volume, this paper constructs a compensation index system and a corresponding model. Based on the data in 2020, this paper calculates the upper and lower limits of horizontal ecological compensation in the basin, and compares the results of willingness to pay with the spillover value of the basin. The research results show that the water volume for the strategic reserve emergency that the Miyun Reservoir should store annually should be no less than 1 billion m3. Based on the data in 2020, the lower limit of horizontal ecological compensation in the basin is calculated to be CNY 2.366 3 billion, and the upper limit is CNY 11.275 billion. Haidian District and Chaoyang District have the highest sharing ratios due to their large GDP scale and high water consumption, with the lower limits of compensation being CNY 683.9 million and CNY 565.5 million, respectively, and the upper limits being CNY 3.2585 billion and CNY 2.694 7 billion, respectively. The willingness to pay for ecological compensation in the beneficiary areas is still at a relatively low level, which should be improved.
2026,44(1):95-103
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2026.01.011
Abstract:
Water diversion project is a key node to speed up the construction of the national water network and optimize the spatial and temporal allocation of water resources through inter-basin water transfer. It not only alleviates regional structural water scarcity but also serves as important infrastructure for enhancing national water resource strategic security and promoting coordinated regional development. From the perspective of the whole basin, this paper integrates theoretical deduction and case study methods to systematically construct a ecological compensation mechanisms of water diversion project to the river basin under the dam, including “why to compensate”, “who to compensate”, “how much to compensate” and “how to compensate”. The river basin under the dam of the water diversion project of Changtan Reservoir is demonstrated as an example. The results show that, from the perspective of the whole basin, increased water from the water diversion project may affect the water resources and environment of the basin under the dam, and the impact should be assessed to decide whether to implement ecological compensation. The main body of ecological compensation is the beneficiary of water diversion activities, and the compensation object is the affected stakeholders of the river basin under the dam. The compensation standard should be determined based on both costs and values, covering the cost of water resources management and environmental governance, as well as the ecological and economic value of water resources. Ecological compensation can be carried out in various forms such as regional financial compensation, industrial funds, and EOD projects.
Water diversion project is a key node to speed up the construction of the national water network and optimize the spatial and temporal allocation of water resources through inter-basin water transfer. It not only alleviates regional structural water scarcity but also serves as important infrastructure for enhancing national water resource strategic security and promoting coordinated regional development. From the perspective of the whole basin, this paper integrates theoretical deduction and case study methods to systematically construct a ecological compensation mechanisms of water diversion project to the river basin under the dam, including “why to compensate”, “who to compensate”, “how much to compensate” and “how to compensate”. The river basin under the dam of the water diversion project of Changtan Reservoir is demonstrated as an example. The results show that, from the perspective of the whole basin, increased water from the water diversion project may affect the water resources and environment of the basin under the dam, and the impact should be assessed to decide whether to implement ecological compensation. The main body of ecological compensation is the beneficiary of water diversion activities, and the compensation object is the affected stakeholders of the river basin under the dam. The compensation standard should be determined based on both costs and values, covering the cost of water resources management and environmental governance, as well as the ecological and economic value of water resources. Ecological compensation can be carried out in various forms such as regional financial compensation, industrial funds, and EOD projects.
2026,44(1):104-111
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2026.01.012
Abstract:
Clarifying the subject of risk bearing and sharing proportion of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) project in operational water conservancy scenic spots is fundamental to attracting social capital, fostering government-enterprise collaboration, and ensuring the healthy and sustainable development of such projects. Using the WSR methodology, this paper identifies 23 risks in PPP projects for operational water conservancy scenic spots based on the three dimensions of Wuli, Shili, and Renli. It establishes risk sharing principles and clarifies the responsible entities for each risk. For risks to be jointly borne by the government and enterprises, a stochastic cooperative game model is constructed, and the AHP-Shapley value method is used to calculate the Shapley value for risk sharing. A proportional risk sharing model between the government and enterprises for jointly borne risks in such projects is established. The feasibility of the model is verified using a case study of a PPP project in an operational water conservancy scenic spot in Jiangsu Province. The results indicate that risks and their responsible entities in PPP projects for operational water conservancy scenic spots can be systematically identified based on the dimensions of Wuli, Shili, and Renli, and the proportion of risks that should be shared between the government and enterprises is determined using the AHP-Shapley value method.
Clarifying the subject of risk bearing and sharing proportion of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) project in operational water conservancy scenic spots is fundamental to attracting social capital, fostering government-enterprise collaboration, and ensuring the healthy and sustainable development of such projects. Using the WSR methodology, this paper identifies 23 risks in PPP projects for operational water conservancy scenic spots based on the three dimensions of Wuli, Shili, and Renli. It establishes risk sharing principles and clarifies the responsible entities for each risk. For risks to be jointly borne by the government and enterprises, a stochastic cooperative game model is constructed, and the AHP-Shapley value method is used to calculate the Shapley value for risk sharing. A proportional risk sharing model between the government and enterprises for jointly borne risks in such projects is established. The feasibility of the model is verified using a case study of a PPP project in an operational water conservancy scenic spot in Jiangsu Province. The results indicate that risks and their responsible entities in PPP projects for operational water conservancy scenic spots can be systematically identified based on the dimensions of Wuli, Shili, and Renli, and the proportion of risks that should be shared between the government and enterprises is determined using the AHP-Shapley value method.
2026,44(1):112-121
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2026.01.013
Abstract:
At present, the construction of ecological is advancing steadily, and the mechanism for realizing the value of ecological products is being refined. However, river-lake type water conservancy scenic areas are confronted with such problems as the diversity of ecological product types, difficulties in value accounting, and unclear realization pathways. Taking the Quzhou Majinxi Water Conservancy Scenic Area as a case study, this paper constructs an ecological product inventory system for river-lake type water conservancy scenic areas, estimates the value of ecological products in the Quzhou Majinxi Water Conservancy Scenic Area from 2022 to 2023 and analyzes their structural characteristics and trends. On this basis, pathways for realizing the value of ecological products in river-lake type water conservancy scenic areas are explored. This paper finds that the total value of ecological products in the Quzhou Majinxi Water Conservancy Scenic Area exhibits an overall upward trend during 2022 to 2023. Regulation and cultural services constitute the dominant components of the value structure, reflecting the combined effects of enhanced aquatic ecosystem functions and the growing demand for water culture, leisure, and recreation. This study proposes major pathways for realizing the value of ecological products in river-lake type water conservancy scenic areas, including strengthening the foundation for ecological product accounting and monitoring, promoting the industrialization of ecological products, deepening the integration of water culture with cultural tourism to achieve value added, innovating market-oriented realization mechanisms, and establishing benefit-sharing and ecological feedback mechanisms. This paper suggests that the implementation of these pathways must strictly adhere to ecological protection thresholds, foster the coordinated development of “water conservancy + cultural tourism + technology”, and form a virtuous cycle of “governance-protection-development-feedback”.
At present, the construction of ecological is advancing steadily, and the mechanism for realizing the value of ecological products is being refined. However, river-lake type water conservancy scenic areas are confronted with such problems as the diversity of ecological product types, difficulties in value accounting, and unclear realization pathways. Taking the Quzhou Majinxi Water Conservancy Scenic Area as a case study, this paper constructs an ecological product inventory system for river-lake type water conservancy scenic areas, estimates the value of ecological products in the Quzhou Majinxi Water Conservancy Scenic Area from 2022 to 2023 and analyzes their structural characteristics and trends. On this basis, pathways for realizing the value of ecological products in river-lake type water conservancy scenic areas are explored. This paper finds that the total value of ecological products in the Quzhou Majinxi Water Conservancy Scenic Area exhibits an overall upward trend during 2022 to 2023. Regulation and cultural services constitute the dominant components of the value structure, reflecting the combined effects of enhanced aquatic ecosystem functions and the growing demand for water culture, leisure, and recreation. This study proposes major pathways for realizing the value of ecological products in river-lake type water conservancy scenic areas, including strengthening the foundation for ecological product accounting and monitoring, promoting the industrialization of ecological products, deepening the integration of water culture with cultural tourism to achieve value added, innovating market-oriented realization mechanisms, and establishing benefit-sharing and ecological feedback mechanisms. This paper suggests that the implementation of these pathways must strictly adhere to ecological protection thresholds, foster the coordinated development of “water conservancy + cultural tourism + technology”, and form a virtuous cycle of “governance-protection-development-feedback”.
2026,44(1):122-130
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2026.01.014
Abstract:
As a fundamental industry related to the national economy and people’s livelihood, the water conservancy industry possesses both public and market attributes. The fulfillment of corporate social responsibility (CSR) by companies in this sector not only affects their sustainable development but also has a profound impact on water resource management, ecological protection, and social stability. Under the policy guidance of fully promoting ecological civilization and high-quality development, water conservancy enterprises face dual pressures of fulfilling corporate social responsibilities and improving operational performance. Using A-share listed companies in China’s water conservancy corporatesector from 2010 to 2020 as a sample, this paper adopts a two-way fixed effects model to analyze the impact of CSR on corporate performance and the moderating effect of government intervention based on an unbalanced panel. Additionally, this study examines the heterogeneous effects of CSR on corporate performance by classifying enterprises according to ownership type and business type. The results show that companies with high CSR exhibit superior performance levels; government intervention has a moderating effect and can weaken the positive impact of CSR on corporate performance. The grouped results indicate significant heterogeneous effects of CSR on corporate performance. The positive driving effect of CSR on the performance of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) is significantly stronger than that of non-SOEs; compared with companies focusing on water resource protection and management, CSR in companies focusing on water industry development and application has a more significant positive impact on corporate performance.
As a fundamental industry related to the national economy and people’s livelihood, the water conservancy industry possesses both public and market attributes. The fulfillment of corporate social responsibility (CSR) by companies in this sector not only affects their sustainable development but also has a profound impact on water resource management, ecological protection, and social stability. Under the policy guidance of fully promoting ecological civilization and high-quality development, water conservancy enterprises face dual pressures of fulfilling corporate social responsibilities and improving operational performance. Using A-share listed companies in China’s water conservancy corporatesector from 2010 to 2020 as a sample, this paper adopts a two-way fixed effects model to analyze the impact of CSR on corporate performance and the moderating effect of government intervention based on an unbalanced panel. Additionally, this study examines the heterogeneous effects of CSR on corporate performance by classifying enterprises according to ownership type and business type. The results show that companies with high CSR exhibit superior performance levels; government intervention has a moderating effect and can weaken the positive impact of CSR on corporate performance. The grouped results indicate significant heterogeneous effects of CSR on corporate performance. The positive driving effect of CSR on the performance of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) is significantly stronger than that of non-SOEs; compared with companies focusing on water resource protection and management, CSR in companies focusing on water industry development and application has a more significant positive impact on corporate performance.
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2020,38(1):1-7, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2020.01.001
Abstract:
Based on the theory of virtual water trade, the status of the virtual water trade of agricultural product between China and the countries along “Belt and Road” during the period from 2007 to 2016 is analyzed. The relevant influencing factors are analyzed by using the extended gravity model. The results show that from 2007 to 2016, the virtual water volume of agricultural products trade between China and the countries along “Belt and Road” is a deficit, and the average annual net import volume is 11. 789 billion m3. Among the influencing factors for the virtual water trade of agricultural products between China and the countries along “Belt and Road”, the most significant positive driving factors are infrastructure construction, exchange rate level, entry to WTO and regional integration process, and the most important reverse ones are geographic distance and tariff level. China has the positive advantages of agricultural labor.
Based on the theory of virtual water trade, the status of the virtual water trade of agricultural product between China and the countries along “Belt and Road” during the period from 2007 to 2016 is analyzed. The relevant influencing factors are analyzed by using the extended gravity model. The results show that from 2007 to 2016, the virtual water volume of agricultural products trade between China and the countries along “Belt and Road” is a deficit, and the average annual net import volume is 11. 789 billion m3. Among the influencing factors for the virtual water trade of agricultural products between China and the countries along “Belt and Road”, the most significant positive driving factors are infrastructure construction, exchange rate level, entry to WTO and regional integration process, and the most important reverse ones are geographic distance and tariff level. China has the positive advantages of agricultural labor.
2020,38(1):14-20, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2020.01.003
Abstract:
From the demand of balance sheet compilation and asset management of water resources, the limitation of the current balance sheet compilation of water resources is discussed by regarding the regions as the subject. On this basis, according to the water administrative system in China, from the three levels of state(water conservancy project management departments, rivers and river basins), regions and enterprises, the multiple subjects of balance sheet compilation of water resources are studied. The roles of different subjects in compiling balance sheet of water resources are analyzed from the aspects of reflecting the development and management objectives of water resource assets, revealing the relationship between supply and demand of water resource assets, improving the level of water resource assets, and making decision of regional future industrial planning and development. This study is conducive to further promoting the preparation of the balance sheet of water resources, meeting the needs of improving the management level of water resource assets, improving the national economic accounting system, introducing the outgoing audit of natural resource assets of leading cadres and ecological civilization construction.
From the demand of balance sheet compilation and asset management of water resources, the limitation of the current balance sheet compilation of water resources is discussed by regarding the regions as the subject. On this basis, according to the water administrative system in China, from the three levels of state(water conservancy project management departments, rivers and river basins), regions and enterprises, the multiple subjects of balance sheet compilation of water resources are studied. The roles of different subjects in compiling balance sheet of water resources are analyzed from the aspects of reflecting the development and management objectives of water resource assets, revealing the relationship between supply and demand of water resource assets, improving the level of water resource assets, and making decision of regional future industrial planning and development. This study is conducive to further promoting the preparation of the balance sheet of water resources, meeting the needs of improving the management level of water resource assets, improving the national economic accounting system, introducing the outgoing audit of natural resource assets of leading cadres and ecological civilization construction.
2020,38(1):36-41, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2020.01.006
Abstract:
Based on the LMDI method of aggregate of the sum of polynomial multiplication and vector form, the decomposition framework of population-residential consumption-water intensity in the process of urbanization is established, and the factors influencing the water consumption from 2003 to 2016 are analyzed. The research shows that expansion and urbanization of population positively promote the growth of water consumption, and the effect of the former is stronger than that of the latter. The improvement of residents' consumption level is the absolute leading factor driving the growth of water consumption. The optimization and upgrading of residential consumption structure and the increase of residential consumption rate can effectively suppress the consumption of water resources, and the effect of the former is more significant. The decline in water consumption is mainly due to the advancement of industrial technology. The growth of households' water consumption mainly comes from the effect of water intensity of life. It is further pointed out that we should reasonably control the size and movement of population, accelerate the optimization and upgrading of residents' consumption structure, focus on strengthening the innovation of industrial technology, deepen the potential of agricultural water-saving efficiency, and enhance residential consumption rate to achieve relative water saving under the given economic scale.
Based on the LMDI method of aggregate of the sum of polynomial multiplication and vector form, the decomposition framework of population-residential consumption-water intensity in the process of urbanization is established, and the factors influencing the water consumption from 2003 to 2016 are analyzed. The research shows that expansion and urbanization of population positively promote the growth of water consumption, and the effect of the former is stronger than that of the latter. The improvement of residents' consumption level is the absolute leading factor driving the growth of water consumption. The optimization and upgrading of residential consumption structure and the increase of residential consumption rate can effectively suppress the consumption of water resources, and the effect of the former is more significant. The decline in water consumption is mainly due to the advancement of industrial technology. The growth of households' water consumption mainly comes from the effect of water intensity of life. It is further pointed out that we should reasonably control the size and movement of population, accelerate the optimization and upgrading of residents' consumption structure, focus on strengthening the innovation of industrial technology, deepen the potential of agricultural water-saving efficiency, and enhance residential consumption rate to achieve relative water saving under the given economic scale.
2020,38(1):49-53, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2020.01.008
Abstract:
By analyzing the process of agricultural water price reform in China, the stakeholders involved in the comprehensive reform of agricultural water price are divided into four categories of influencers, bearers, implementers of agricultural water price and managers of farmland water conservancy facilities based on the stakeholder theory. Their powers and interests are analyzed to clarify the intrinsic relationship among the stakeholders in the comprehensive reform of agricultural water price. It is pug forward that the influencers of agricultural water price will help to improve the bearers' cooperation by improving the reform environment. The cooperation between them will help to optimize the interests of both parties. The operational efficiency of implementers of agricultural water price and managers of farmland water conservancy has an important regulatory effect on the interests of influencers and bearers of agricultural water price, but the operational efficiency requires a certain amount of financial support. Finally, some reasonable suggestions for the comprehensive reform of agricultural water price in China are given.
By analyzing the process of agricultural water price reform in China, the stakeholders involved in the comprehensive reform of agricultural water price are divided into four categories of influencers, bearers, implementers of agricultural water price and managers of farmland water conservancy facilities based on the stakeholder theory. Their powers and interests are analyzed to clarify the intrinsic relationship among the stakeholders in the comprehensive reform of agricultural water price. It is pug forward that the influencers of agricultural water price will help to improve the bearers' cooperation by improving the reform environment. The cooperation between them will help to optimize the interests of both parties. The operational efficiency of implementers of agricultural water price and managers of farmland water conservancy has an important regulatory effect on the interests of influencers and bearers of agricultural water price, but the operational efficiency requires a certain amount of financial support. Finally, some reasonable suggestions for the comprehensive reform of agricultural water price in China are given.
2020,38(1):29-35, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2020.01.005
Abstract:
In order to explore its application benefits, an evaluation index system for the application benefit of BIM in hydraulic engineering is established from the perspectives of economy, resources and energy, technology and management on the basis of literature reading. Firstly, using the SEM idea, a questionnaire survey is used to conduct the confirmatory factor analysis of the evaluation system, and thus the index weights are obtained accordingly. Secondly, an evaluation model for the application benefits of BIM in hydraulic engineering is established by using the cloud matter-element theory. Finally, a case study of a water conservancy project in Guangxi Province is carried out. The results show that the level of application benefits of BIM is Grade 3 with good benefits. Accordingly, the relevant suggestions are put forward to promote the further development of BIM in hydraulic engineering.
In order to explore its application benefits, an evaluation index system for the application benefit of BIM in hydraulic engineering is established from the perspectives of economy, resources and energy, technology and management on the basis of literature reading. Firstly, using the SEM idea, a questionnaire survey is used to conduct the confirmatory factor analysis of the evaluation system, and thus the index weights are obtained accordingly. Secondly, an evaluation model for the application benefits of BIM in hydraulic engineering is established by using the cloud matter-element theory. Finally, a case study of a water conservancy project in Guangxi Province is carried out. The results show that the level of application benefits of BIM is Grade 3 with good benefits. Accordingly, the relevant suggestions are put forward to promote the further development of BIM in hydraulic engineering.
2020,38(1):8-13, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2020.01.002
Abstract:
Based on the provincial panel data of the mainland China from 2000 to 2015, a threshold model is established to explore the relationship among industrial structure, technological progress and industrial wastewater discharge. The results show that: The influences of characteristics of the industrial structure on the industrial wastewater discharge are restricted by the double threshold effects of the technological progress, and when the technological progress is higher than the second threshold, the increase of the industrial economic proportion is no longer dependent on a greater increase in the industrial wastewater discharge. As a threshold variable, the technological progress in different regions of China has significant differences. The technological progress in the eastern, central and western regions has a decrease trend. The other influencing factors such as population size, output level and opening degree all play significant positive roles in promoting the industrial wastewater discharge, while the technological progress inhibits the industrial wastewater discharge. On this basis, some countermeasures and suggestions are put forward so as to reduce the level of regional industrial wastewater discharge and realize the goal of green development of industrial economy: improving the scientific and technological innovation system, increasing the investment in scientific and technological research and development, and constructing the compensation mechanism of trans-regional ecological technology.
Based on the provincial panel data of the mainland China from 2000 to 2015, a threshold model is established to explore the relationship among industrial structure, technological progress and industrial wastewater discharge. The results show that: The influences of characteristics of the industrial structure on the industrial wastewater discharge are restricted by the double threshold effects of the technological progress, and when the technological progress is higher than the second threshold, the increase of the industrial economic proportion is no longer dependent on a greater increase in the industrial wastewater discharge. As a threshold variable, the technological progress in different regions of China has significant differences. The technological progress in the eastern, central and western regions has a decrease trend. The other influencing factors such as population size, output level and opening degree all play significant positive roles in promoting the industrial wastewater discharge, while the technological progress inhibits the industrial wastewater discharge. On this basis, some countermeasures and suggestions are put forward so as to reduce the level of regional industrial wastewater discharge and realize the goal of green development of industrial economy: improving the scientific and technological innovation system, increasing the investment in scientific and technological research and development, and constructing the compensation mechanism of trans-regional ecological technology.
2020,38(3):1-6, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2020.03.001
Abstract:
The remaining 30 provinces of China except Tibet are divided into three parts, east, middle and west based on the SBM model and the ML index. The static and dynamic changes of green efficiency of water resources are analyzed, and the Theil index is used to analyze the spatial distribution differences of green efficiency of utilization of water resources among various provinces. The results show that: (1)The green efficiency of utilization of water resources in China varies from province to province, indicating a slow rising trend. The green efficiency of utilization of water resources in different regions shows a pattern of in the east>middle>west. (2)The technological progress index is the main factor affecting the efficiency of water resource. (3)The difference in green efficiency of utilization of water resources among various regions is much higher than that within the regions, and the eastern part has the largest contribution rate.
The remaining 30 provinces of China except Tibet are divided into three parts, east, middle and west based on the SBM model and the ML index. The static and dynamic changes of green efficiency of water resources are analyzed, and the Theil index is used to analyze the spatial distribution differences of green efficiency of utilization of water resources among various provinces. The results show that: (1)The green efficiency of utilization of water resources in China varies from province to province, indicating a slow rising trend. The green efficiency of utilization of water resources in different regions shows a pattern of in the east>middle>west. (2)The technological progress index is the main factor affecting the efficiency of water resource. (3)The difference in green efficiency of utilization of water resources among various regions is much higher than that within the regions, and the eastern part has the largest contribution rate.
2020,38(1):54-60, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2020.01.009
Abstract:
Based on the SBM-DEA model with effective efficiency frontier(optimistic)and inefficiency frontier(pessimistic), the agricultural water use efficiency of China's 31 provinces(municipalities and autonomous regions)from 2003 to 2017 is evaluated, and the Tobit model is used to analyze its influencing factors. The results show that the optimistic efficiency of China's agricultural water use has a small increase trend, and the pessimistic efficiency exhibits a decrease-increase-decrease-increase trend. The overall efficiency is not high. The difference in water use efficiency between different agricultural water zones is small. The high agricultural water use area has the highest agricultural water use efficiency, the middle agricultural water use area has the middle agricultural water use efficiency, and the low agricultural water use area has the lowest agricultural water use efficiency. The proportion of the value added of the primary industry in the regional GDP, the water-saving irrigation technology and the total storage capacity of reservoirs significantly positively correlate with the agricultural water use efficiency. While the endowment of water resources and regional education level significantly negatively correlate with the agricultural water use efficiency.
Based on the SBM-DEA model with effective efficiency frontier(optimistic)and inefficiency frontier(pessimistic), the agricultural water use efficiency of China's 31 provinces(municipalities and autonomous regions)from 2003 to 2017 is evaluated, and the Tobit model is used to analyze its influencing factors. The results show that the optimistic efficiency of China's agricultural water use has a small increase trend, and the pessimistic efficiency exhibits a decrease-increase-decrease-increase trend. The overall efficiency is not high. The difference in water use efficiency between different agricultural water zones is small. The high agricultural water use area has the highest agricultural water use efficiency, the middle agricultural water use area has the middle agricultural water use efficiency, and the low agricultural water use area has the lowest agricultural water use efficiency. The proportion of the value added of the primary industry in the regional GDP, the water-saving irrigation technology and the total storage capacity of reservoirs significantly positively correlate with the agricultural water use efficiency. While the endowment of water resources and regional education level significantly negatively correlate with the agricultural water use efficiency.
2020,38(2):1-6, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2020.02.001
Abstract:
The construction and management of national water parks is an important part of realizing water ecological civilization and beautiful China. The protection of national water parks requires an assessment of their non-market economic values(use values and non-use values). Based on the single-bound and double-bound dichotomous contingent valuation method techniques, the use values and non-use values of Yimenghu National Water Park are quantitatively evaluated. Four econometric models containing logistic, log-logistic, normal and log-normal are applied through questionnaire data. The results showed that: (1)The Yimenghu National Water Park is of high use values and non-use values. (2)The evaluated results of log-logistic and log-normal econometric models are more reliable in the double-bound dichotomous CVM technique. (3)The respondents are willing to participate in protection in the form of donations to non-profit organizations. The assessment achievements are helpful for the cost-benefit analysis of the protection and sustainable management policies of water parks.
The construction and management of national water parks is an important part of realizing water ecological civilization and beautiful China. The protection of national water parks requires an assessment of their non-market economic values(use values and non-use values). Based on the single-bound and double-bound dichotomous contingent valuation method techniques, the use values and non-use values of Yimenghu National Water Park are quantitatively evaluated. Four econometric models containing logistic, log-logistic, normal and log-normal are applied through questionnaire data. The results showed that: (1)The Yimenghu National Water Park is of high use values and non-use values. (2)The evaluated results of log-logistic and log-normal econometric models are more reliable in the double-bound dichotomous CVM technique. (3)The respondents are willing to participate in protection in the form of donations to non-profit organizations. The assessment achievements are helpful for the cost-benefit analysis of the protection and sustainable management policies of water parks.
2021,39(1):1-5, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2021.01.001
Abstract:
Based on the mechanism of environmental regulation on the transformation of manufacturing industry under the innovation-driven background, the intermediary effect of innovation on the relationship between environmental regulation and manufacturing industry transformation is empirically studied using the panel data of 11 provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2005 to 2016. The results show that the effect of environmental regulation on the transformation of manufacturing industry has a double threshold effect under the innovation-driven background. In different ranges of innovation-driven background, the effect of environmental regulation on transformation of manufacturing industry has different directions and degrees. Therefore, attention should be paid to the synergy of innovation-driven background and environmental regulation, and the environmental regulation policies should be formulated according to local conditions. Simultaneously, the following measures should be taken to realize the transformation of manufacturing industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt: rational allocation of fixed assets, increase of investment in education, guidance for the direction of financial expenditure, strict examination of the threshold of foreign investment access, and introduction of advanced technology.
Based on the mechanism of environmental regulation on the transformation of manufacturing industry under the innovation-driven background, the intermediary effect of innovation on the relationship between environmental regulation and manufacturing industry transformation is empirically studied using the panel data of 11 provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2005 to 2016. The results show that the effect of environmental regulation on the transformation of manufacturing industry has a double threshold effect under the innovation-driven background. In different ranges of innovation-driven background, the effect of environmental regulation on transformation of manufacturing industry has different directions and degrees. Therefore, attention should be paid to the synergy of innovation-driven background and environmental regulation, and the environmental regulation policies should be formulated according to local conditions. Simultaneously, the following measures should be taken to realize the transformation of manufacturing industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt: rational allocation of fixed assets, increase of investment in education, guidance for the direction of financial expenditure, strict examination of the threshold of foreign investment access, and introduction of advanced technology.
2020,38(1):42-48, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2020.01.007
Abstract:
Based on the establishment of trans-logarithmic production function of agriculture which includes investment in farmland water conservancy, the stochastic frontier approach is used to calculate the total factor productivity of agriculture in 31 provinces(municipalities and autonomous regions)of China from 1996 to 2015. The spatial characteristics of the total factor productivity of agriculture and the influences of investment in farmland water conservancy are analyzed. The results show that the growth of the total factor productivity in China generally has an increasing trend. The horizontal and vertical analyses shows that the growth has regional property and regional agglomeration. The influences of investment in farmland water conservancy infrastructure on the total factor productivity of agriculture are positive, and they have weak spillover effect. Among them, the direct, indirect and total effects are 0. 2865, 0. 0574 and 0. 3439, respectively.
Based on the establishment of trans-logarithmic production function of agriculture which includes investment in farmland water conservancy, the stochastic frontier approach is used to calculate the total factor productivity of agriculture in 31 provinces(municipalities and autonomous regions)of China from 1996 to 2015. The spatial characteristics of the total factor productivity of agriculture and the influences of investment in farmland water conservancy are analyzed. The results show that the growth of the total factor productivity in China generally has an increasing trend. The horizontal and vertical analyses shows that the growth has regional property and regional agglomeration. The influences of investment in farmland water conservancy infrastructure on the total factor productivity of agriculture are positive, and they have weak spillover effect. Among them, the direct, indirect and total effects are 0. 2865, 0. 0574 and 0. 3439, respectively.
2020,38(1):21-28, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2020.01.004
Abstract:
The water resources are the important natural resources to maintain human life and social development. The balance sheet of water resources is an important component of the balance sheet of the natural resources. The compilation of the balance sheet of water resources is conducive to timely grasping the dynamic change of occupancy, use, consumption, recovery and value-added of water resource assets in economic and social development. A framework for accounting the balance sheet of water resources is established based on the concepts of assets and liabilities of water resources. It is of great significance to the compilation of balance sheet of water resources in a watershed.
The water resources are the important natural resources to maintain human life and social development. The balance sheet of water resources is an important component of the balance sheet of the natural resources. The compilation of the balance sheet of water resources is conducive to timely grasping the dynamic change of occupancy, use, consumption, recovery and value-added of water resource assets in economic and social development. A framework for accounting the balance sheet of water resources is established based on the concepts of assets and liabilities of water resources. It is of great significance to the compilation of balance sheet of water resources in a watershed.
2020,38(1):61-67, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2020.01.010
Abstract:
Taking Suzhou City and Suqian City as examples, the dynamic changes and obstacles of the carrying capacity of the transfer and receiving regions of water environment during the industrial transfer process are discussed based on the TOPSIS method of Vague sets so as to provide theoretical guidance. The study shows that with the advancement of industrial transfer, the carrying capacities of water environment in Suzhou City and Suqian City have an increasing trend and have achieved a win-win relationship. Although the overall carrying capacity of water environment in Suzhou Sity is higher than that of Suqian City, the increase rate is significantly smaller. In terms of the obstacles, the main obstacles in Suzhou City are concentrated in the resource subsystem and environmental subsystem, while those in Suqian City are concentrated in the economic subsystem and resource subsystem, which need to be optimized and improved.
Taking Suzhou City and Suqian City as examples, the dynamic changes and obstacles of the carrying capacity of the transfer and receiving regions of water environment during the industrial transfer process are discussed based on the TOPSIS method of Vague sets so as to provide theoretical guidance. The study shows that with the advancement of industrial transfer, the carrying capacities of water environment in Suzhou City and Suqian City have an increasing trend and have achieved a win-win relationship. Although the overall carrying capacity of water environment in Suzhou Sity is higher than that of Suqian City, the increase rate is significantly smaller. In terms of the obstacles, the main obstacles in Suzhou City are concentrated in the resource subsystem and environmental subsystem, while those in Suqian City are concentrated in the economic subsystem and resource subsystem, which need to be optimized and improved.
2020,38(4):1-7, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2020.04.001
Abstract:
In the background of the protection of Yangtze River, realizing high-efficient development of green ecology should be taken as part of the high-quality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Therefore, focusing on the evaluation and improvement of hydropower energy efficiency in Yangtze River and comprehensively considering social, economic and environmental factors, an input-output index system is established. Based on the hydropower-related panel data of the various provinces along Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2008 to 2017, the DEA method is used to evaluate the hydropower energy efficiency of each region. The results show that the hydropower energy efficiency of Yangtze River Economic Belt is at high level as a whole, and Jiangsu Province and Hubei Province are the “benchmarking” regions. The index efficient score of the urban agglomeration in the middle and upper reaches of Yangtze River is generally high. Different provinces have different energy efficiency improvement directions, that is, Jiangsu Province and Zhejiang Province should reduce the investment in human capital, while Anhui Province and Jiangxi Province should increase the equipment utilization hours of the installed hydropower, and Chongqing Municipality and Guizhou Province firstly should develop local economy with high quality and improve the rate of return of the fixed asset investment. Some suggestions are put forward: development of hydropower with high quality, rigid constraint of water resources, establishment of green hydropower certification system, improvement of investment subsidy system, optimization of the balance between supply and demand, and training of high-level talents.
In the background of the protection of Yangtze River, realizing high-efficient development of green ecology should be taken as part of the high-quality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Therefore, focusing on the evaluation and improvement of hydropower energy efficiency in Yangtze River and comprehensively considering social, economic and environmental factors, an input-output index system is established. Based on the hydropower-related panel data of the various provinces along Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2008 to 2017, the DEA method is used to evaluate the hydropower energy efficiency of each region. The results show that the hydropower energy efficiency of Yangtze River Economic Belt is at high level as a whole, and Jiangsu Province and Hubei Province are the “benchmarking” regions. The index efficient score of the urban agglomeration in the middle and upper reaches of Yangtze River is generally high. Different provinces have different energy efficiency improvement directions, that is, Jiangsu Province and Zhejiang Province should reduce the investment in human capital, while Anhui Province and Jiangxi Province should increase the equipment utilization hours of the installed hydropower, and Chongqing Municipality and Guizhou Province firstly should develop local economy with high quality and improve the rate of return of the fixed asset investment. Some suggestions are put forward: development of hydropower with high quality, rigid constraint of water resources, establishment of green hydropower certification system, improvement of investment subsidy system, optimization of the balance between supply and demand, and training of high-level talents.
2019,37(1):1-6, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2019.01.001
Abstract:
The fairness of water utilization in Hubei Province is analyzed from the three aspects of water resource endowment, water for production and domestic water. The Gini coefficients of total water consumption-water resource quantity, production water consumption-GDP, and domestic water consumption-population in Hubei Province in the spatial and temporal dimension are calculated. The results show that the total water consumption and water resource quantity of various cities in Hubei Province are very unevenly distributed, while the changes in the same area during 2006—2016 are uneven only in Xiaogan City and Suizhou City. During the 11 years of the research period, the fairness of water for production remains stable in the range of “relatively reasonable”, while in Wuhan City and Xiantao City with higher water efficiency, it is uneven. Therefore, to improve the water efficiency in the other regions is the best way to improve the fairness of water for production. The domestic water has reached the absolute fairness in both spatial and temporal dimensions.
The fairness of water utilization in Hubei Province is analyzed from the three aspects of water resource endowment, water for production and domestic water. The Gini coefficients of total water consumption-water resource quantity, production water consumption-GDP, and domestic water consumption-population in Hubei Province in the spatial and temporal dimension are calculated. The results show that the total water consumption and water resource quantity of various cities in Hubei Province are very unevenly distributed, while the changes in the same area during 2006—2016 are uneven only in Xiaogan City and Suizhou City. During the 11 years of the research period, the fairness of water for production remains stable in the range of “relatively reasonable”, while in Wuhan City and Xiantao City with higher water efficiency, it is uneven. Therefore, to improve the water efficiency in the other regions is the best way to improve the fairness of water for production. The domestic water has reached the absolute fairness in both spatial and temporal dimensions.
2019,37(3):1-7, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2019.03.001
Abstract:
Based on the dynamic panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2001 to 2016, the deepening level of financial capital is measured from the scale and structure of capital supply. The quality of economic development is measured by using the five dimensions of effectiveness, stability, coordination, sustainability and sharing of economic growth. The influences of deepening the financial capital on the quality of economic growth are investigated by means of the estimation method of system GMM model. The results show that the current scale of capital supply has inhibitory effects on the quality of economic growth. The deepening of bank capital and insurance capital has positive effects on the quality of economic growth. The deepening of security capital has no significant effects on the quality of economic growth. There are regional differences in the effects of deepening financial capital on the quality of economic growth.
Based on the dynamic panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2001 to 2016, the deepening level of financial capital is measured from the scale and structure of capital supply. The quality of economic development is measured by using the five dimensions of effectiveness, stability, coordination, sustainability and sharing of economic growth. The influences of deepening the financial capital on the quality of economic growth are investigated by means of the estimation method of system GMM model. The results show that the current scale of capital supply has inhibitory effects on the quality of economic growth. The deepening of bank capital and insurance capital has positive effects on the quality of economic growth. The deepening of security capital has no significant effects on the quality of economic growth. There are regional differences in the effects of deepening financial capital on the quality of economic growth.
2021,39(1):6-14, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2021.01.002
Abstract:
Based on the panel data of 9 provinces and 2 cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2008 to 2017, the decoupling-PVAR two-stage model is used to analyze the evolution trend and impact mechanism of the relationship among new urbanization, upgradation of industrial structure and water pollution. This study shows that: The relationship among water pollution, new urbanization, and industrial structure exhibits the evolutionary trend of “expansion negative decoupling-strong decoupling”, indicating that the urbanization and industrialization of the Yangtze River Economic Belt have experienced “pollution first, then governance” at this stage, but ultimately achieved the dual goals of economic development and water pollution improvement. The results of impulse response and variance decomposition indicate that the water pollution control effect of new urbanization at this stage is not obvious, there is a clear negative relationship between water pollution and upgradation of industrial structure, and the former has a stronger explanatory effect on the latter. The variances of the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Economic Belt are decomposed, respectively, and it is found that there are obvious regional differences in the degree of mutual influences between the variables. The prevention and control policies for water pollution should be formulated according to specific situations.
Based on the panel data of 9 provinces and 2 cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2008 to 2017, the decoupling-PVAR two-stage model is used to analyze the evolution trend and impact mechanism of the relationship among new urbanization, upgradation of industrial structure and water pollution. This study shows that: The relationship among water pollution, new urbanization, and industrial structure exhibits the evolutionary trend of “expansion negative decoupling-strong decoupling”, indicating that the urbanization and industrialization of the Yangtze River Economic Belt have experienced “pollution first, then governance” at this stage, but ultimately achieved the dual goals of economic development and water pollution improvement. The results of impulse response and variance decomposition indicate that the water pollution control effect of new urbanization at this stage is not obvious, there is a clear negative relationship between water pollution and upgradation of industrial structure, and the former has a stronger explanatory effect on the latter. The variances of the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Economic Belt are decomposed, respectively, and it is found that there are obvious regional differences in the degree of mutual influences between the variables. The prevention and control policies for water pollution should be formulated according to specific situations.
2019,37(2):1-7, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2019.02.001
Abstract:
The degrees of human-water harmony in 31 provinces of China from 2007 to 2016 are evaluated, and the DEA model is used to calculate the total factor utilization efficiency of water resources. The Tobit model is employed to investigate the effect of utilization efficiency of water resources on human-water harmony. The empirical results show that in recent years, the degrees of human-water harmony and the utilization efficiency of water resources in China have an increasing trend. Both the intensity control policy and the total control policy have effectively improved the degrees of human-water harmony in China, and the combined intensity-total control policy has a better efficiency. The improvement of utilization efficiency of water resources promotes the degrees of human-water harmony in the central and western regions, but not in the eastern regions. This is due to the differences in the development level, technological progress and natural environment between the eastern and central and western regions. Finally, the corresponding policy recommendations are put forward.
The degrees of human-water harmony in 31 provinces of China from 2007 to 2016 are evaluated, and the DEA model is used to calculate the total factor utilization efficiency of water resources. The Tobit model is employed to investigate the effect of utilization efficiency of water resources on human-water harmony. The empirical results show that in recent years, the degrees of human-water harmony and the utilization efficiency of water resources in China have an increasing trend. Both the intensity control policy and the total control policy have effectively improved the degrees of human-water harmony in China, and the combined intensity-total control policy has a better efficiency. The improvement of utilization efficiency of water resources promotes the degrees of human-water harmony in the central and western regions, but not in the eastern regions. This is due to the differences in the development level, technological progress and natural environment between the eastern and central and western regions. Finally, the corresponding policy recommendations are put forward.
2017,35(6):33-37, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2017.06.007
Abstract:
The PPP water conservancy project is of long project cycle, large investment and high risk characteristics. Based on the idea of fuzzy mathematics, the evaluation model for option of PPP water conservancy projects is established under fuzzy condition, and the fuzzy option value of projects under staged construction and the change of the whole project value under fuzzy decision-making condition are quantitatively evaluated. Combined with case analysis, the key influence factors of the fuzzy option value are found, and it is emphasized that the implementation of PPP water conservancy projects should focus on the management of cash flow value. The results will help the government and social capital to fully understand the project value, and actively participate in the implementation of projects and reasonably response to potential uncertain factors.
The PPP water conservancy project is of long project cycle, large investment and high risk characteristics. Based on the idea of fuzzy mathematics, the evaluation model for option of PPP water conservancy projects is established under fuzzy condition, and the fuzzy option value of projects under staged construction and the change of the whole project value under fuzzy decision-making condition are quantitatively evaluated. Combined with case analysis, the key influence factors of the fuzzy option value are found, and it is emphasized that the implementation of PPP water conservancy projects should focus on the management of cash flow value. The results will help the government and social capital to fully understand the project value, and actively participate in the implementation of projects and reasonably response to potential uncertain factors.
2019,37(1):7-12, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2019.01.002
Abstract:
According to the input-output tables of Jiangsu-Zhejiang-Shanghai area in 2002, 2007 and 2012, using the social network analysis its industrial linkage network is formulated from the perspective of water resource input-output. The relevant indices such as characteristic path length, clustering coefficient, centrality and cohesive subgroup are calculated, and the industrial linkages in the total Jiangsu-Zhejiang-Shanghai area and various provinces and city are compared and analyzed. The results show that there is a small-world property and high network density with close industrial linkage. The chemical industry representing the industrial sector is of outstanding centrality and is the central industry in the area, and the status of service sector has increased, but the disproportion is even more prominent. Now eight cohesive subgroups are formed, and the linkage between their industrial sectors, which indicates the trend of development is clustering. Some suggestions are put forward in order to promote the balanced and sustainable development under water resource constraints, such as saving and using water intensively on central industry, improving the utilization of water resources, formulating different policies on water resources and promoting industry integration.
According to the input-output tables of Jiangsu-Zhejiang-Shanghai area in 2002, 2007 and 2012, using the social network analysis its industrial linkage network is formulated from the perspective of water resource input-output. The relevant indices such as characteristic path length, clustering coefficient, centrality and cohesive subgroup are calculated, and the industrial linkages in the total Jiangsu-Zhejiang-Shanghai area and various provinces and city are compared and analyzed. The results show that there is a small-world property and high network density with close industrial linkage. The chemical industry representing the industrial sector is of outstanding centrality and is the central industry in the area, and the status of service sector has increased, but the disproportion is even more prominent. Now eight cohesive subgroups are formed, and the linkage between their industrial sectors, which indicates the trend of development is clustering. Some suggestions are put forward in order to promote the balanced and sustainable development under water resource constraints, such as saving and using water intensively on central industry, improving the utilization of water resources, formulating different policies on water resources and promoting industry integration.
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